See kalns on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for kalns meaning in All languages combined (6.7kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": "*kalˀnás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic *kalˀnás",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kelH-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kelH-",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "celt"
},
"expansion": "Latvian celt",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kálnas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kálnas",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌿𐍃",
"3": "",
"4": "rock, cliff"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌿𐍃 (hallus, “rock, cliff”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "holm",
"3": "",
"4": "hill, knoll"
},
"expansion": "Old English holm (“hill, knoll”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kl̥mo"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kl̥mo",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Holm",
"3": "",
"4": "islet"
},
"expansion": "German Holm (“islet”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κολωνός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κολωνός (kolōnós)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "collis",
"3": "",
"4": "knoll, hill"
},
"expansion": "Latin collis (“knoll, hill”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Baltic *kalˀnás\n with a suffix -no, from Proto-Indo-European *kelH-, *kolH- (“to raise, to lift, to build”), whence also Latvian celt. The meaning of celt was originally not only “to lift,” but also “to be high”, whence the meaning of kalns. This word was also sometimes used in the past to mean “building, construction,” especially tall ones in large estates. Cognates include Lithuanian kálnas, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌿𐍃 (hallus, “rock, cliff”) (< *kolnus), Old English holm (“hill, knoll”) (< Proto-Germanic *kl̥mo), German Holm (“islet”), Ancient Greek κολωνός (kolōnós), Latin collis (“knoll, hill”) (< *colnis).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "declension-1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1st declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kalns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalnus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalnam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalniem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalniem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalnā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalnos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kalni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "kalns m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "1st"
},
"expansion": "kalns m (1st declension)",
"name": "lv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaln",
"2": "s",
"3": "1st",
"keep-s": "1"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kaln",
"2": "s",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"drop-v": "",
"keep-s": "1",
"x": "0"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-1"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kalns",
"10": "kalniem",
"11": "kalnā",
"12": "kalnos",
"13": "kalns",
"14": "kalni",
"2": "kalni",
"3": "kalnu",
"4": "kalnus",
"5": "kalna",
"6": "kalnu",
"7": "kalnam",
"8": "kalniem",
"9": "kalnu",
"type": "1st declension",
"x": "0"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with broken intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "lv",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "lv:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kalnains"
},
{
"word": "kalnup"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mountain, hill"
],
"id": "en-kalns-lv-noun-xoCPmvRC",
"links": [
[
"mountain",
"mountain"
],
[
"hill",
"hill"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kâlns]"
},
{
"audio": "lv-riga-kalns.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/Lv-riga-kalns.ogg/Lv-riga-kalns.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Lv-riga-kalns.ogg"
}
],
"word": "kalns"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sgs",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*kalˀnas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *kalˀnas",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sgs",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kalns"
},
"expansion": "Latvian kalns",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kalnas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kalnas",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kalˀnas, ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European root *kelH- (“lift”). Compare Latvian kalns, Lithuanian kalnas.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sgs",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{2}}}",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "kalns m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "kalns m",
"name": "sgs-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Samogitian",
"lang_code": "sgs",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Samogitian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "sgs",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "sgs:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Joudkalnėjė"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mountain, hill"
],
"id": "en-kalns-sgs-noun-xoCPmvRC",
"links": [
[
"mountain",
"mountain"
],
[
"hill",
"hill"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "kalns"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "kalnains"
},
{
"word": "kalnup"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": "*kalˀnás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic *kalˀnás",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kelH-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kelH-",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "celt"
},
"expansion": "Latvian celt",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kálnas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kálnas",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌿𐍃",
"3": "",
"4": "rock, cliff"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌿𐍃 (hallus, “rock, cliff”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "holm",
"3": "",
"4": "hill, knoll"
},
"expansion": "Old English holm (“hill, knoll”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kl̥mo"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kl̥mo",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Holm",
"3": "",
"4": "islet"
},
"expansion": "German Holm (“islet”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κολωνός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κολωνός (kolōnós)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "collis",
"3": "",
"4": "knoll, hill"
},
"expansion": "Latin collis (“knoll, hill”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Baltic *kalˀnás\n with a suffix -no, from Proto-Indo-European *kelH-, *kolH- (“to raise, to lift, to build”), whence also Latvian celt. The meaning of celt was originally not only “to lift,” but also “to be high”, whence the meaning of kalns. This word was also sometimes used in the past to mean “building, construction,” especially tall ones in large estates. Cognates include Lithuanian kálnas, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌿𐍃 (hallus, “rock, cliff”) (< *kolnus), Old English holm (“hill, knoll”) (< Proto-Germanic *kl̥mo), German Holm (“islet”), Ancient Greek κολωνός (kolōnós), Latin collis (“knoll, hill”) (< *colnis).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "declension-1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1st declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kalns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalnus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalnam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalniem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalniem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalnā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalnos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kalni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "kalns m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "1st"
},
"expansion": "kalns m (1st declension)",
"name": "lv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaln",
"2": "s",
"3": "1st",
"keep-s": "1"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kaln",
"2": "s",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"drop-v": "",
"keep-s": "1",
"x": "0"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-1"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kalns",
"10": "kalniem",
"11": "kalnā",
"12": "kalnos",
"13": "kalns",
"14": "kalni",
"2": "kalni",
"3": "kalnu",
"4": "kalnus",
"5": "kalna",
"6": "kalnu",
"7": "kalnam",
"8": "kalniem",
"9": "kalnu",
"type": "1st declension",
"x": "0"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"Latvian first declension nouns",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian masculine nouns",
"Latvian nouns",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latvian terms inherited from Proto-Baltic",
"Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latvian terms with audio links",
"Latvian undefined derivations",
"Latvian words with broken intonation",
"lv:Landforms"
],
"glosses": [
"mountain, hill"
],
"links": [
[
"mountain",
"mountain"
],
[
"hill",
"hill"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kâlns]"
},
{
"audio": "lv-riga-kalns.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/Lv-riga-kalns.ogg/Lv-riga-kalns.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Lv-riga-kalns.ogg"
}
],
"word": "kalns"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "Joudkalnėjė"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sgs",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*kalˀnas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *kalˀnas",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sgs",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kalns"
},
"expansion": "Latvian kalns",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kalnas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kalnas",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kalˀnas, ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European root *kelH- (“lift”). Compare Latvian kalns, Lithuanian kalnas.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sgs",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{2}}}",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "kalns m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "kalns m",
"name": "sgs-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Samogitian",
"lang_code": "sgs",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Samogitian entries with incorrect language header",
"Samogitian lemmas",
"Samogitian masculine nouns",
"Samogitian nouns",
"Samogitian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Samogitian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"sgs:Landforms"
],
"glosses": [
"mountain, hill"
],
"links": [
[
"mountain",
"mountain"
],
[
"hill",
"hill"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "kalns"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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